Hacardous Substance - Dangerous Good
Very Toxic if swallowed or inhaled. Flammable

Aluminum Phosphide, AlP - reacts with water to produce phosphine, PH3. SANPHOS is formulated with 56% Min aluminum phosphide and also contains ammonium carbamate and inert ingredients. Ammonium carbamate releases ammonia and carbon dioxide which serve as a warning agent. Pure Phosphine gas is odorless; the garlic odor is due to a contaminant. Since the odor of phosphine may not be detected under some circumstances, the absence of a garlic odor does not mean that dangerous levels of hydrogen phosphide gas are absent.

Symptoms
Mild exposure by inhalation causes malaise (indefinite feeling of sickness), ringing in the ears, fatigue, nausea and pressure in the chest which is relieved by removal to fresh air. Moderate poisoning causes weakness, vomiting, pain just above the stomach, chest pain, diarrhea and dyspnea (difficulty in breathing). Symptoms of severe poisoning may occur within a few hours to several days resulting in pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs) and may lead to dizziness, cyanosis (blue or purple skin color), unconsciousness, and death.

In sufficient quantity, phosphine gas affects the liver, kidneys, lungs, nervous system and circulatory system. Inhalation can cause lung edema and hyperemia, small perivascular brain hemorrhages, and brain edema. Ingestion can cause lung and brain symptoms, but damage to viscera is more common. Phosphine poisoning may result in (1) Pulmonary edema; (2) liver elevated serum GOT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase; reduced prothrombin; hemorrhage and jaundice; and (3) Kidney hematuria and anuria.

Material Safety Data Sheet: Aluminium Phosphide
Pathology is characteristic of hypoxia. Frequent exposure over a period of days or weeks may cause poisoning. Treatment is symptomatic. For further information, contact the national poison center.

Emergency and First aid Procedures
If the gas or dust from aluminum phosphide is inhaled:
Get exposed person to fresh air. Keep warm and make sure person can breathe freely. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration by mouth-to-mouth or other means of resuscitation. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

If aluminum phosphide pellets, tablets or powder are swallowed:
Drink or administer one or two glasses of water and induce vomiting by touching back of throat with finger, or if available, syrup of ipecac. Do not give anything by mouth if victim is unconscious or not alert.

If powder or granules of aluminum phosphide get on skin or clothing:
Brush or shake material off clothes in a well ventilated area. Allow clothes to aerate in a ventilated area prior to laundering. Do not leave contaminated clothing in occupied and/or confined areas such as automobiles, vans, motel rooms, etc. Wash contaminated skin thoroughly with soap and water.

Antidote : Ensure fresh air and induce vomiting with 0.25 % copper sulphate solution. To control convulsions use a diazepam intravenously is recommended. For adults, 5-10mg every 4-5 hours & children 0.1 mg every 4-5 hours. In case of pulmonary odema give hypertonic glucose solution intravenously.

A spill, other than incidental to application or normal handling or punctured containers can produce high level of gas, and therefore, attending personnel must wear n SCBA or its equivalent when the concentration of phosphine gas is unknown. Wear dry gloves when in contact with the powdered formulation is likely. Do not flush spillage down the drain with water. Do not use water at any time to clean the spill. Water in contact with aluminium phosphide will rapidly accelerate to give phosphine gas. For small amount of spillage spread out the material on ground to be deactivated by atmospheric moisture

If containers have been punctured or damaged causing leak, the product may be immediately used, the containers may be used temporarily repaired aluminium tape, the fumigant may be transferred from the damage containers to sound metal containers which should be sealed and properly labeled as aluminium phosphide. See the deactivation and disposal procedure in the manual. Transport the damaged containers to an area suitable for pesticide storage for inspection.

Handling : Keep out of reach of children. Handle only in well ventilated areas.

Material Safety Data Sheet: Aluminium Phosphide

Storage : Containers should be stored in a dry, ventilated area, away from heat and under lock and key. Post as a pesticide storage area. Do not contaminate with water, food or feed by storing pesticides in the same areas used to store these commodities. Do not store in buildings where humans or domestic animals reside.

Limits are 0.3 ppm TWA during fumigation and 0.3 ppm ceiling at all other times.

Engineering Controls
No engineering controls are required for the normal use of this product. Follow label instruction.

Material Safety Data Sheet: Aluminium Phosphide
Ingestion : Fatal if swallowed

Chronic : No adverse effect.

Given the characteristics and use patterns, these pesticides are not expected to pose a significant ecological risk to non-target organisms or to water resources under most circumstances, with the exception of some endangered species.

Wet deactivation method

• Deactivating solution is prepared by adding the appropriate amount of low sudsing detergent to water in a drum or other suitable container. A 2% solution or 4 cups of detergent in 30 gallons is suggested. The container should be filled with deactivating solution to within a few inches of the top.
• The material is added slowly to the deactivating solution and stirred so as to thoroughly wet all of the product. This should be carried out in open air and respiratory protection may be required. At no time should the deactivation drum be covered.
• No more than about 20-25kgs. of SANPHOS should be added to 15 gallons of water-detergent mixture.
• Allow the mixture to stand, with occasional stirring, for about 36 hours. The resultant slurry of dust or packaged product will then be safe for disposal.
• Dispose of the slurry of deactivated material, with or without preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or other suitable site approved by local authorities. Where permissible, this slurry may be poured into a storm sewer or out onto the ground.